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Abstract
Due to the limited number of registered guidance counselors (RGCs) in the Philippines, public high schools are compelled to appoint classroom teachers as guidance advocates and perform the duties and responsibilities of an RGC, specifically facilitating counseling to learners. With their lack of training and fundamental knowledge, differing orientations, and demanding and overlapping work as classroom teachers and at the same time as guidance advocates, the participants are having difficulty practicing one of the ethical codes in the counseling profession – ethical bracketing; thus, its delivery is put to jeopardy. This study used descriptive phenomenological analysis to explore the lived experiences of guidance advocates on their practice of ethical bracketing in facilitating counseling services. Data were collected via unstructured in-depth interviews and analyzed using Lichtman’s three (3) C’s of Data Analysis, retaining only relevant themes: predicaments in ethical bracketing, factors for good ethical bracketing, transformation through counseling experiences, and counseling practice as a calling. The participants did not just overcome the challenges they had faced in practice but experienced transformations that significantly impacted their perspective about themselves, their counselees, and the counseling profession. The findings of this study serve as baseline information in creating a training program that can address the concerns of the guidance advocates on their practice of ethical bracketing in facilitating counseling services.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Decena, A. J. B., & Singson, D. N. E. (2022). Lights and Shadows: Lived Experiences of Guidance Advocates in the Prac-tice of Ethical Bracketing. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 3(8), 1463-1476. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.03.08.09
References
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Nkechi, E. E., Ewomaoghene, E. E., & Egenti, N. (2016). The role of guidance and counseling in effective teaching and learning in schools. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 1(2), 36-48.
Yarhouse, M. A., & Hathaway, W. L. (2016). Ethics and values in the training of students and the provi-sion of clinical services to LGBT persons. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 35(4), 357-368. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2017-03747-007
Grunhaus, C. M., Tuazon, V. E., Gonzalez, E., & Wagner, N. J. (2018). A counselor education case study: The counselor values‐based conflict model in action. Counseling and Values, 63(2), 164-179. https://doi.org/10.1002/cvj.12086
Kimball, P. (2018). When professional and personal val-ues collide: A thematic analysis of counseling stu-dents’ developmental journey through an ethics course. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/1847
Cottone, R. R., Tarvydas, V. M., & Hartley, M. T. (2021). Ethics and decision making in counseling and psy-chotherapy (5th ed.). Springer Publishing Compa-ny, LLC.
Mahmood, S. R. S. & Abdallah, S. S. (2020). Value con-flicts in counseling Muslim LGBT clients: Muslim counsellors’ experiences. Advances in Social Sci-ence Education and Humanities Research, 462. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200814.032
Mansaray, M. F., & Mani, E. K. F. (2020). The importance of ethical codes in the guidance and counseling profession. International Journal of Scientific Engi-neering and Science, 4(8), 14-18. http://ijses.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/75-IJSES-V4N7.pdf
Nor, M. Z. M. (2020). Counseling: What and how. Coun-seling and Therapy, Simon George Taukeni, Intech Open. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90008
Roxas, M. M., David, A. P., & Aruta, J. J. B. R. (2019). Com-passion, forgiveness and subjective well-being among Filipino counseling professionals. Interna-tional Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 41(2), 272-283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-019-09374-w
Niles, S. G., & Nassar, S. C. (2018). Orientation to profes-sional counseling: Past, present, and future trends. American Counseling Association.
Natiq, Z. (2018 December 28). Importance of profes-sional ethics in guidance and counseling. Career Trend. https://careertrend.com/info-8253413-importance-professional-ethics-guidance-counseling.html
Official Gazette. (2004). Republic Act 9258: The code of ethics for registered and licensed guidance coun-selors. Metro Manila, Philippines. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2004/03/02/republic-act-no-9258/
Llego, M. A. (2021). DepEd basic education statistics for school year 2020-2021. https://www.teacherph.com/deped-basic-education-statistics-school-year-2020-2021/
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Ushiyama, P. K. (2019 September 25). Basic guidance taught to San Dionisio teachers. https://www.upv.edu.ph/index.php/news/basic-guidance-taught-to-san-dionisio-teachers
Cervantes, A., Aclan, E., Marticio, F. P., & Gumarao, M. (2019). Lived experiences of guidance facilitators who take the role of guidance counselors in the Philippines. Printed in the Philippines, ISSN 2599-5294, 26. http://web1.aup.edu.ph/urc/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/JEPH-June-2019_Part2ArtsTheoPsych.pdf#page=26
David, C. C., Albert, J. R. G., & Vizmanos, J. F. V. (2019). Pressures on public school teachers and implica-tions on quality. http://hdl.handle.net/11540/9702
Department of Education (DepEd). (2021). Guidelines on the counseling and referral system of learners for S.Y. 2020-2021. https://www.teacherph.com/deped-counseling-referral-system-learners/
Mendijar, M. P., & Manamtam, S. S. (2020). Awareness and practice of guidance functions by the teachers in Urdaneta City. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 3(1). https://asianjournal.org/online/index.php/ajms/article/view/298/118
Valdez, D. (2018, January 14). Lack of registered guid-ance counselors forces schools to keep unlicensed ones (Part 1). Vera Files. ABS-CBN News. https://news.abs-cbn.com/focus/01/14/18/lack-of-registered-guidance-counselors-forces-schools-to-keep-unlicensed-ones-part-1
Malate, G.V. (2017, October 30). Revisiting the Guidance Advocate in Every Teacher. Slideshare. https://www.slideshare.net/dlaregetalam/revisiting-the-guidance-advocate-in-every-teacher
Firmante, M. C. M. (2017). Psychological help-seeking intentions among Filipino college students across three common problem areas: A replication study. https://www.dlsu.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/pdf/conferences/research-congress-proceedings/2017/LLI/LLI-II-030.pdf
Martinez, A. B., Co, M., Lau, J., & Brown, J. S. (2020). Fili-pino help-seeking for mental health problems and associated barriers and facilitators: A systematic review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemi-ology, 55, 1397-1413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-01937-2.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five ap-proaches. Sage Publications, Inc.
Howitt, D. (2016). Introduction to qualitative methods in psychology (3rd ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
Lichtman, M. (2014). Qualitative research for the social sciences. Sage Publications, Inc.
Department of Health (DOH). (2021 May). How can I protect myself from COVID-19. https://doh.gov.ph/COVID-19/FAQs#covid_19_faqs-page-25
Lincoln Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage Publications, Inc.
Bustamam, N., Rosita, D., Asfaruddin, K., Yahya, M., & Zuliani, H. (2021). School counselor needs for competency enhancement: A multi years qualita-tive assessment. Advances in Social Science, Educa-tion and Humanities Research, 576, 491-494. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210909.104
Michel, R.E., Lorelle, S., & Atkins, K.M. (2017). LEAD with data: A model for school counselors in training. Professional School Counseling, 21(lb), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X18773276
Warui, J. W. (2018). Status and challenges of guidance and counselling programme in discipline man-agement in public secondary schools in Kiambu County, Kenya.
Alonazi, S. M. (2017). The role of teachers in promoting learner autonomy in secondary school in Saudi Arabia. Canadian Center of Science and Education, 10(7). https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n7p183
Ackerman, C.E. (2022a March 22). What is self-awareness and why is it important?: +5 Ways to Increase It. Positive Psychology. https://positivepsychology.com/self-awareness-matters-how-you-can-be-more-self-aware/
Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Edu-cation Programs (2016). 2016 CACREP Standards. http://www.cacrep.org/for-programs/2016-cacrep-standards/
Hutchison, L. (n.d.). How Self-awareness makes you a better counselor. Counseling Schools. https://www.counselingschools.com/blog/counselor-self-awareness
Duval, S., & Wicklund, R. A. (1972). A theory of objective self-awareness. Academic Press.
Christensen, J. K., Dickerman, C. A., & Dorn-Medeiros, C. (2018). Building a consensus of the professional dispositions of counseling students. The Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision, 11(1). https://repository.wcsu.edu/jcps/vol11/iss1/2
Macfarlane, P., Anderson, T., & McClintock, A. S. (2017). Empathy from the client’s perspective: A grounded theory analysis. Psychotherapy Research 27(2), 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2015.1090038
Moyers, T. B., Houck, J., Rice, S. L., Longabaugh, R., & Miller, W. R. (2016). Therapist empathy, combined behavioral intervention, and alcohol outcomes in the COMBINE research project. Journal of Consult-ing and Clinical Psychology 84(3), 221-229. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000074
Selva, J. (2022 March 25). Understanding empathy: What is it and why is it important in counseling. Positive Psychology. https://positivepsychology.com/empathy/
Taylor, D. & Cook, J. (2018). Reflective practice in the art and science of counselling: A scoping review. Psy-chotherapy and Counseling Journal of Australia. https://pacja.org.au/2020/08/reflective-practice-in-the-art-and-science-of-counselling-a-scoping-review/
Brookfield, S. D. (2017). Becoming a critically reflective teacher. John Wiley & Sons.
O'Connor, P. J. (2018 April 17). How school counselors make a world of difference. Phi Delta Kappan. https://kappanonline.org/oconnor-school-counselors-make-world-difference/
Barnes, T. (2021). 6 amazing reasons why becoming a counselor is a rewarding profession. Millennial Magazine. https://millennialmagazine.com/2021/04/26/6-amazing-reasons-why-becoming-a-counselor-is-a-rewarding-profession/
Mattare, M., Seashore, C., Shawver, M. N., & Thompson, G. (2004). Doing good by knowing who you are: The instrumental self as an agent of change. OD Practitioner (Fall).
Blazevic, O. (2018). Why you should consider a reward-ing career in counselling. Training. https://www.training.co.nz/consider-rewarding-career-counselling/
Riessman, F. (1965). The “helper” therapy principle. Social Work, 10(2), 27-32. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23708219
Ikon Institute of Australia (2019 November 11). Ten reasons why you may consider counselling as a profession. Becoming a Counsellor. https://ikon.edu.au/becoming-a-counsellor-ten-reasons-why-you-may-consider-counselling-as-a-profession/
Haokip, A.D. (2017). Guidance and counseling needs in capacity building of pre-service teacher trainees. Dera Natung Government College Research Journal, 2(1), 1-14. https://dngc.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/1-Guidance-and-Counselling-Needs-in-Capacity-Building-of-Pre-Service.pdf
Duffy, R.D., Dik, B.J., Douglass, R.P., England, J.W., & Ve-lez, B.L. (2018). Work as a calling: A theoretical model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 65(4), 423-439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cou0000276423
Anyi, E. M. E. (2017). The role of guidance and counsel-ing in effective teaching and learning in schools: The Cameroonian perspective. International Jour-nal of Educational Technology and Learning, 1(1), 11-15. https://doi.org/10.20448/2003.11.11.15
Nkechi, E. E., Ewomaoghene, E. E., & Egenti, N. (2016). The role of guidance and counseling in effective teaching and learning in schools. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 1(2), 36-48.
Yarhouse, M. A., & Hathaway, W. L. (2016). Ethics and values in the training of students and the provi-sion of clinical services to LGBT persons. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 35(4), 357-368. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2017-03747-007
Grunhaus, C. M., Tuazon, V. E., Gonzalez, E., & Wagner, N. J. (2018). A counselor education case study: The counselor values‐based conflict model in action. Counseling and Values, 63(2), 164-179. https://doi.org/10.1002/cvj.12086
Kimball, P. (2018). When professional and personal val-ues collide: A thematic analysis of counseling stu-dents’ developmental journey through an ethics course. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/1847
Cottone, R. R., Tarvydas, V. M., & Hartley, M. T. (2021). Ethics and decision making in counseling and psy-chotherapy (5th ed.). Springer Publishing Compa-ny, LLC.
Mahmood, S. R. S. & Abdallah, S. S. (2020). Value con-flicts in counseling Muslim LGBT clients: Muslim counsellors’ experiences. Advances in Social Sci-ence Education and Humanities Research, 462. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200814.032
Mansaray, M. F., & Mani, E. K. F. (2020). The importance of ethical codes in the guidance and counseling profession. International Journal of Scientific Engi-neering and Science, 4(8), 14-18. http://ijses.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/75-IJSES-V4N7.pdf
Nor, M. Z. M. (2020). Counseling: What and how. Coun-seling and Therapy, Simon George Taukeni, Intech Open. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90008
Roxas, M. M., David, A. P., & Aruta, J. J. B. R. (2019). Com-passion, forgiveness and subjective well-being among Filipino counseling professionals. Interna-tional Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 41(2), 272-283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-019-09374-w
Niles, S. G., & Nassar, S. C. (2018). Orientation to profes-sional counseling: Past, present, and future trends. American Counseling Association.
Natiq, Z. (2018 December 28). Importance of profes-sional ethics in guidance and counseling. Career Trend. https://careertrend.com/info-8253413-importance-professional-ethics-guidance-counseling.html
Official Gazette. (2004). Republic Act 9258: The code of ethics for registered and licensed guidance coun-selors. Metro Manila, Philippines. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2004/03/02/republic-act-no-9258/
Llego, M. A. (2021). DepEd basic education statistics for school year 2020-2021. https://www.teacherph.com/deped-basic-education-statistics-school-year-2020-2021/
Magsambol, B. (2020 September 3). With shortage of guidance counselors, how will PH students cope with pandemic? Rappler. https://www.rappler.com/nation/shortage-guidance-counselors-how-students-cope-pandemic/
Ushiyama, P. K. (2019 September 25). Basic guidance taught to San Dionisio teachers. https://www.upv.edu.ph/index.php/news/basic-guidance-taught-to-san-dionisio-teachers
Cervantes, A., Aclan, E., Marticio, F. P., & Gumarao, M. (2019). Lived experiences of guidance facilitators who take the role of guidance counselors in the Philippines. Printed in the Philippines, ISSN 2599-5294, 26. http://web1.aup.edu.ph/urc/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/JEPH-June-2019_Part2ArtsTheoPsych.pdf#page=26
David, C. C., Albert, J. R. G., & Vizmanos, J. F. V. (2019). Pressures on public school teachers and implica-tions on quality. http://hdl.handle.net/11540/9702
Department of Education (DepEd). (2021). Guidelines on the counseling and referral system of learners for S.Y. 2020-2021. https://www.teacherph.com/deped-counseling-referral-system-learners/
Mendijar, M. P., & Manamtam, S. S. (2020). Awareness and practice of guidance functions by the teachers in Urdaneta City. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 3(1). https://asianjournal.org/online/index.php/ajms/article/view/298/118
Valdez, D. (2018, January 14). Lack of registered guid-ance counselors forces schools to keep unlicensed ones (Part 1). Vera Files. ABS-CBN News. https://news.abs-cbn.com/focus/01/14/18/lack-of-registered-guidance-counselors-forces-schools-to-keep-unlicensed-ones-part-1
Malate, G.V. (2017, October 30). Revisiting the Guidance Advocate in Every Teacher. Slideshare. https://www.slideshare.net/dlaregetalam/revisiting-the-guidance-advocate-in-every-teacher
Firmante, M. C. M. (2017). Psychological help-seeking intentions among Filipino college students across three common problem areas: A replication study. https://www.dlsu.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/pdf/conferences/research-congress-proceedings/2017/LLI/LLI-II-030.pdf
Martinez, A. B., Co, M., Lau, J., & Brown, J. S. (2020). Fili-pino help-seeking for mental health problems and associated barriers and facilitators: A systematic review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemi-ology, 55, 1397-1413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-01937-2.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five ap-proaches. Sage Publications, Inc.
Howitt, D. (2016). Introduction to qualitative methods in psychology (3rd ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
Lichtman, M. (2014). Qualitative research for the social sciences. Sage Publications, Inc.
Department of Health (DOH). (2021 May). How can I protect myself from COVID-19. https://doh.gov.ph/COVID-19/FAQs#covid_19_faqs-page-25
Lincoln Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage Publications, Inc.
Bustamam, N., Rosita, D., Asfaruddin, K., Yahya, M., & Zuliani, H. (2021). School counselor needs for competency enhancement: A multi years qualita-tive assessment. Advances in Social Science, Educa-tion and Humanities Research, 576, 491-494. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210909.104
Michel, R.E., Lorelle, S., & Atkins, K.M. (2017). LEAD with data: A model for school counselors in training. Professional School Counseling, 21(lb), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X18773276
Warui, J. W. (2018). Status and challenges of guidance and counselling programme in discipline man-agement in public secondary schools in Kiambu County, Kenya.
Alonazi, S. M. (2017). The role of teachers in promoting learner autonomy in secondary school in Saudi Arabia. Canadian Center of Science and Education, 10(7). https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n7p183
Ackerman, C.E. (2022a March 22). What is self-awareness and why is it important?: +5 Ways to Increase It. Positive Psychology. https://positivepsychology.com/self-awareness-matters-how-you-can-be-more-self-aware/
Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Edu-cation Programs (2016). 2016 CACREP Standards. http://www.cacrep.org/for-programs/2016-cacrep-standards/
Hutchison, L. (n.d.). How Self-awareness makes you a better counselor. Counseling Schools. https://www.counselingschools.com/blog/counselor-self-awareness
Duval, S., & Wicklund, R. A. (1972). A theory of objective self-awareness. Academic Press.
Christensen, J. K., Dickerman, C. A., & Dorn-Medeiros, C. (2018). Building a consensus of the professional dispositions of counseling students. The Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision, 11(1). https://repository.wcsu.edu/jcps/vol11/iss1/2
Macfarlane, P., Anderson, T., & McClintock, A. S. (2017). Empathy from the client’s perspective: A grounded theory analysis. Psychotherapy Research 27(2), 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2015.1090038
Moyers, T. B., Houck, J., Rice, S. L., Longabaugh, R., & Miller, W. R. (2016). Therapist empathy, combined behavioral intervention, and alcohol outcomes in the COMBINE research project. Journal of Consult-ing and Clinical Psychology 84(3), 221-229. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000074
Selva, J. (2022 March 25). Understanding empathy: What is it and why is it important in counseling. Positive Psychology. https://positivepsychology.com/empathy/
Taylor, D. & Cook, J. (2018). Reflective practice in the art and science of counselling: A scoping review. Psy-chotherapy and Counseling Journal of Australia. https://pacja.org.au/2020/08/reflective-practice-in-the-art-and-science-of-counselling-a-scoping-review/
Brookfield, S. D. (2017). Becoming a critically reflective teacher. John Wiley & Sons.
O'Connor, P. J. (2018 April 17). How school counselors make a world of difference. Phi Delta Kappan. https://kappanonline.org/oconnor-school-counselors-make-world-difference/
Barnes, T. (2021). 6 amazing reasons why becoming a counselor is a rewarding profession. Millennial Magazine. https://millennialmagazine.com/2021/04/26/6-amazing-reasons-why-becoming-a-counselor-is-a-rewarding-profession/
Mattare, M., Seashore, C., Shawver, M. N., & Thompson, G. (2004). Doing good by knowing who you are: The instrumental self as an agent of change. OD Practitioner (Fall).
Blazevic, O. (2018). Why you should consider a reward-ing career in counselling. Training. https://www.training.co.nz/consider-rewarding-career-counselling/
Riessman, F. (1965). The “helper” therapy principle. Social Work, 10(2), 27-32. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23708219
Ikon Institute of Australia (2019 November 11). Ten reasons why you may consider counselling as a profession. Becoming a Counsellor. https://ikon.edu.au/becoming-a-counsellor-ten-reasons-why-you-may-consider-counselling-as-a-profession/
Haokip, A.D. (2017). Guidance and counseling needs in capacity building of pre-service teacher trainees. Dera Natung Government College Research Journal, 2(1), 1-14. https://dngc.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/1-Guidance-and-Counselling-Needs-in-Capacity-Building-of-Pre-Service.pdf
Duffy, R.D., Dik, B.J., Douglass, R.P., England, J.W., & Ve-lez, B.L. (2018). Work as a calling: A theoretical model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 65(4), 423-439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cou0000276423